Introduction Prostate cancer is among the most common malignancies in men, and radical prostatectomy remains a cornerstone of curative treatment. With advances in minimally invasive technology, nerve-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (nsRARP) has become the preferred surgical technique in many centers….
Month: August 2025
Introduction Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the most frequent complaints in andrology clinics, and it is hardly a trivial one. Beyond intimacy, it signals endothelial distress, cardiometabolic burden, and psychosocial strain. In Western medicine, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i)…
Introduction Erectile dysfunction (ED) is not simply a disorder of intimacy—it is a vascular and systemic signal often marching in step with hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. Both ED and hypertension share a common denominator: endothelial dysfunction and impaired vascular…
Introduction Radical prostatectomy (RP) remains a cornerstone of curative therapy for localized prostate cancer. While oncological outcomes are excellent—with survival rates approaching 100% for organ-confined disease—the functional cost is high. Erectile dysfunction (ED) after RP is one of the most…
Introduction Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the persistent inability to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance. Far from being a trivial inconvenience, ED is a condition with broad implications for physical, psychological, and relational health….
Introduction Priapism, defined as a prolonged and often painful penile erection persisting for more than four hours without sexual stimulation, is a urological emergency. Although its incidence is less than 0.01%, the condition carries serious consequences. Failure to treat promptly…
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was initially framed as a respiratory crisis. Yet, as months passed, it revealed itself to be a multisystemic disorder, leaving behind a trail of chronic sequelae. Among the less publicly discussed…
Introduction Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are indispensable in modern medicine, yet they remain double-edged swords. While they alleviate pain, fever, and inflammation, they notoriously compromise gastric integrity, often culminating in gastric ulcers. Among these drugs, indomethacin is both effective and…
Introduction Nephrotic syndrome remains one of the most formidable challenges in nephrology. Characterized by severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia, it is less a single disease than a final common pathway of glomerular injury. At its heart lies the podocyte,…
Introduction Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) represent one of the most prevalent urological conditions in aging men, often associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). While LUTS rarely threatens life directly, it profoundly impairs quality of life, disturbing sleep, limiting social…
Introduction Cognitive decline is one of the most feared consequences of aging, not only for patients but also for clinicians who face the limits of therapeutic options. Among the various contributors to dementia, cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) stands out…
Introduction Type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains one of the most formidable health challenges worldwide, responsible for increased morbidity, shortened lifespan, and a heightened burden of cardiovascular disease. While pharmacological innovation has yielded classes of drugs capable of lowering blood glucose,…
Introduction Disorders of the lower urinary tract (LUT) such as overactive bladder and detrusor overactivity are often discussed in the context of neural dysregulation, detrusor muscle dysfunction, or obstruction secondary to prostatic enlargement. Yet, beneath these familiar culprits lies a…
Introduction Few drugs in oncology embody both brilliance and betrayal as much as doxorubicin. This anthracycline antibiotic, celebrated for its wide-spectrum anticancer activity, has been a cornerstone of chemotherapy since the 1970s. Its power to intercalate into DNA and inhibit…
Introduction Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors have long been a cornerstone in the management of erectile dysfunction (ED) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Among these, tadalafil has gained prominence for its extended half-life, once-daily dosing, and therapeutic versatility. Yet, despite…
Introduction Adverse drug reactions represent one of the most intricate puzzles in modern medicine. While the majority of cutaneous drug reactions present as relatively benign rashes, there exists a distinct subset that is both diagnostically challenging and potentially life-threatening. Among…
Introduction Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) remains the most common form of focal epilepsy in adults, accounting for a significant proportion of drug-resistant cases. For decades, the clinical narrative has been dominated by seizures refractory to medical therapy, variable neuropsychological impairment,…
Introduction The management of arterial hypertension has long been recognized as a cornerstone of cardiovascular prevention. Elevated blood pressure damages vascular integrity, accelerates atherosclerosis, and predisposes patients to catastrophic events such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure. What remains…
Introduction The dietary supplement market, once synonymous with herbal teas and vitamin capsules, has expanded into a multi-billion-dollar industry that thrives on promises of vitality, enhanced performance, and well-being. Unfortunately, this growth has been accompanied by a troubling phenomenon—the illegal…
The clinical puzzle that sent us back to the placenta Obstetricians do not prescribe phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors to make headlines; they do it because uteroplacental perfusion can make or break a pregnancy. Fetoplacental hypoperfusion sits at the root of fetal…
Why a PDE-5 inhibitor belongs on the skin On first pass, putting tadalafil—a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitor better known from urology clinics—onto an open wound sounds eccentric. On second pass, it is biochemistry 101. PDE-5 inhibition elevates cyclic GMP,…
Understanding Age-Related Macular Degeneration: An Introduction to the Silent Vision Thief Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) silently and progressively steals vision, primarily affecting older adults and significantly impacting quality of life. AMD is currently recognized as the leading cause of irreversible…