Fingerprinting of sildenafil citrate and tadalafil tablets in pharmaceutical formulations via X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry
The production of counterfeited drugs is a criminal problem that carries serious risks to public health in the worldwide. In Brazil, Viagra and Cialis are the most counterfeit medicines, being used to inhibit the phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5), treating thus, problems related to erectile dysfunction. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is a suitable technique to control the quality of new pharmaceutical formulations and distinguish between authentic and counterfeit tablets. XRF has advantageous features like multielemental capability, good detectivity, high precision, short analysis times, and is nondestructive, which makes it suitable to be extended to a great variety of samples. In this work, the inorganic fingerprinting chemical of forty-one commercial samples (Viagra, Cialis, Lazar, Libiden, Maxfil, Plenovit, Potent 75, Rigix, V-50, Vimax and Pramil) and fifty-six counterfeit samples (Viagra and Cialis) were obtained from XRF data. XRF presented an excellent analytical methodology for semi-quantitative determination of active ingredient (in case of sildenafil citrate that presents S in its structure) and excipients such as calcium phosphate, titanium oxide and iron oxide (P, Ca, Ti and Fe). The matrix data were allied to chemometric methods (Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis) to classify the tablets investigated between authentic and counterfeit, grouping the samples into of seven groups: A, B, C, D and E (counterfeit group) and F and G (authentic group).
Crown Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Similar articles
Soares F, Anzanello MJ, Fogliatto FS, Ortiz RS, Mariotti KC, Ferrão MF. Soares F, et al. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2019 Sep 10;174:198-205. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.05.064. Epub 2019 May 30. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2019. PMID: 31174131
Deconinck E, Canfyn M, Sacré PY, Courselle P, De Beer JO. Deconinck E, et al. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2013 Jul-Aug;81-82:80-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.03.023. Epub 2013 Apr 6. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2013. PMID: 23628524
Dos Santos MK, de Cassia Mariotti K, Kahmann A, Anzanello MJ, Ferrão MF, de Araújo Gomes A, Limberger RP, Ortiz RS. Dos Santos MK, et al. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2019 Mar 20;166:304-309. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.01.029. Epub 2019 Jan 17. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2019. PMID: 30685655
Patel DN, Li L, Kee CL, Ge X, Low MY, Koh HL. Patel DN, et al. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2014 Jan;87:176-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.04.037. Epub 2013 May 6. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2014. PMID: 23721687 Review.
Rosen RC, McKenna KE. Rosen RC, et al. Annu Rev Sex Res. 2002;13:36-88. Annu Rev Sex Res. 2002. PMID: 12836729 Review.
Cited by
Jendrzejewska I, Goryczka T, Pietrasik E, Klimontko J, Jampilek J. Jendrzejewska I, et al. Molecules. 2023 Mar 14;28(6):2632. doi: 10.3390/molecules28062632. Molecules. 2023. PMID: 36985604 Free PMC article.
Ruck T, Nimmerjahn F, Wiendl H, Lünemann JD. Ruck T, et al. Brain. 2022 May 24;145(4):1229-1241. doi: 10.1093/brain/awab465. Brain. 2022. PMID: 34928330 Free PMC article. Review.
Swiatly-Blaszkiewicz A, Pietkiewicz D, Matysiak J, Czech-Szczapa B, Cichocka K, Kupcewicz B. Swiatly-Blaszkiewicz A, et al. Molecules. 2021 Oct 4;26(19):6024. doi: 10.3390/molecules26196024. Molecules. 2021. PMID: 34641568 Free PMC article.
Sansone A, Cuzin B, Jannini EA. Sansone A, et al. Sex Med. 2021 Dec;9(6):100437. doi: 10.1016/j.esxm.2021.100437. Epub 2021 Oct 4. Sex Med. 2021. PMID: 34619517 Free PMC article. Review.
Carreón YJP, Díaz-Hernández O, Escalera Santos GJ, Cipriano-Urbano I, Solorio-Ordaz FJ, González-Gutiérrez J, Zenit R. Carreón YJP, et al. Sensors (Basel). 2021 Jun 11;21(12):4048. doi: 10.3390/s21124048. Sensors (Basel). 2021. PMID: 34208420 Free PMC article.
